Is this, perhaps, the function of the gift of "discernment of spirits", mentioned in 1 Corinthians ch12 v10; "the ability to distinguish between different kinds of spirits"?
The context is that it follows immediately after the mention of the gift of prophecy, and is followed by the gift of tongues. So I would see it as the ability to discern whether or not a communication comes from the Holy Spirit.
The same scenario is implied by Paul's comment about interpreting "spiritual truths to people who possess the Spirit" (1 Corinthians ch2 v13; RSV). This is a disputed translation of an ambiguous expression which might mean "spiritual things to spiritual people" or "spiritual things by spiritual things", but the RSV translation fits very naturally into the discussion which occupies vv10-16.
In practice, now that we have scripture, we can compare what they say with scripture. But our ability to do this accurately surely depends on the guidance of the Holy Spirit, so I would count it as part of the same gift.
